The national standard clearly stipulates the permissible content of insoluble substances in commercially available white polyaluminium chloride. In China, production enterprises generally use minerals as the main raw mat···

Polyacrylic acid (PAA) is a high molecular weight polymer formed through the polymerization of acrylic acid monomers. It is widely recognized for its excellent solubility, dispersibility, and multifunctional performance,···

What to do when flocculants are not working effectively?Impurities in WaterThe size and composition of suspended particles in water significantly affect coagulation. A mixture of various particle sizes aids flocculation,···

In water, ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) can be oxidized under aerobic conditions by nitrifying bacteria through a process called nitrification, where ammonia is converted into nitrite (NO₂⁻) and nitrate (NO₃⁻). Under a···

Polyacrylamide (PAM) flocculants are commonly used in the treatment of alcohol production wastewater. The amide group (—CONH₂) in PAM has a strong affinity for many substances and can form hydrogen bonds through adsorp···