Sodium hypochlorite is an inorganic chlorine-based disinfectant that has been in use for over 100 years. It is widely applied in various industries, including healthcare, public health, and agriculture, for disinfection purposes. In recent years, researchers have focused on addressing the issues of instability and storage/transportation challenges, leading to the development of new composite products. These new formulations effectively overcome the shortcomings of sodium hypochlorite, enhancing its practical application.

Solid sodium hypochlorite is a white powder that is highly unstable. The industrial-grade liquid form is pale yellow and has a chlorinated odor. When dissolved in water, it exhibits strong oxidizing properties, and the solution’s density is directly related to the concentration of available chlorine.

It’s important to note that sodium hypochlorite can react explosively when mixed with organic materials or reducing agents. The solution is alkaline and slowly decomposes into sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). When exposed to high heat or strong light, sodium hypochlorite rapidly decomposes, releasing toxic corrosive gases, making it hazardous. Therefore, it should be stored in a cool, dry, and dark place, away from heat sources, fire, and incompatible substances such as acids, bases, and reducing agents. During transportation, containers should be tightly sealed and corrosion-resistant, with plastic barrels, bottles, or tankers recommended for packaging.

When using sodium hypochlorite, personnel should wear protective glasses, gloves, and other safety gear. Care should be taken when handling and transporting the material to avoid damaging containers and packaging. For testing, it’s best to conduct procedures in a well-ventilated area. In water treatment processes, adding an appropriate concentration of sodium hypochlorite helps disinfect and sterilize water, ensuring water safety.